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Significance of repetitive sequences in clinical and forensic genetics
Cerovská, Ela ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
Repetitive sequences are important compartments of the genome and they are important for the whole organism as well. These non-coding sequences take a lot of space in the genome and they are called "junk DNA". However, they are valuable in many science sectors, especially because of their polymorphic character among individuals and also among tissues of one individual. This work pursues the significance of microsatellite repeats in clinical and forensic genetics. Some tumors have microsatellite instability (MSI) when compared to the repeats in the healthy tissue. This can be used to diagnose cancer. MSI sometimes appears before the disease fully breaks out, which could lead into an early diagnosis of cancer. MSI is associated with better prognosis. Forensic genetics takes advantage of microsatellite polymorphism among individuals. DNA profiling is used to identify persons in criminal investigations but also in parental testing or protection of wild animals.
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Legal and criminalistic aspects of DNA profiling
Kožina, Jiří ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Legal and criminalistic aspects of DNA profiling - Summary The Thesis deals with DNA profiling, one of the most accurate methods used in recent criminal science to identify individuals. It also deals with the legal aspects of DNA profiling because it raises many important legal questions. The The- sis consists of two parts. The first part is about DNA profiling itself. The history of DNA profiling worldwide and in the Czech Republic is mentioned. The first cases solved with its contribution are described. A very important feature of DNA profiling is that it can be used not only for conviction of offenders but also for acquittal of innocent individu- als. Biological principles of DNA profiling are explained as well as possibilities of its utilization in criminal science, criminal and civil proceedings. The fact that monozy- gotic twins have identical DNA is mentioned as well as some very extraordinary occurrences such as hermaphrodites or another kind of individuals, who have two different DNA. These anomalies can cause problems with interpretation of the results. DNA databases can be used for comparison of many DNA profiles without the necessity to repeat sample analysis. This fact caused the expansion of DNA pro- filing. A special software required for DNA databases is also shortly described. The second...
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Significance of repetitive sequences in clinical and forensic genetics
Cerovská, Ela ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
Repetitive sequences are important compartments of the genome and they are important for the whole organism as well. These non-coding sequences take a lot of space in the genome and they are called "junk DNA". However, they are valuable in many science sectors, especially because of their polymorphic character among individuals and also among tissues of one individual. This work pursues the significance of microsatellite repeats in clinical and forensic genetics. Some tumors have microsatellite instability (MSI) when compared to the repeats in the healthy tissue. This can be used to diagnose cancer. MSI sometimes appears before the disease fully breaks out, which could lead into an early diagnosis of cancer. MSI is associated with better prognosis. Forensic genetics takes advantage of microsatellite polymorphism among individuals. DNA profiling is used to identify persons in criminal investigations but also in parental testing or protection of wild animals.
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